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A nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate is a nanoparticle with biomolecules attached to its surface. Nanoparticles are minuscule particles, typically measured in nanometers (nm), that are used in nanobiotechnology to explore the functions of biomolecules. Properties of the ultrafine particles are characterized by the components on their surfaces more so than larger structures, such as cells, due to large surface area-to-volume ratios. Large surface area-to-volume-ratios of nanoparticles optimize the potential for interactions with biomolecules. == Characterization == Major characteristics of nanoparticles include volume, structure, and visual properties that make them valuable in nanobiotechnology. Depending on specific properties of size, structure, and luminescence, nanoparticles can be used for different applications. Imaging techniques are used to identify such properties and give more information about the tested sample. Techniques used to characterize nanoparticles are also useful in studying how nanoparticles interact with biomolecules, such as amino acids or DNA, and include: * Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), denoted by the solubility of the nanoparticles in water and fluorescent. MRI can be applied in the medical field to visualize structures. * Atomic force microscopy (AFM) gives the researcher or scientist a topographic view of the sample on a substrate.〔Hinterdorfer, Dufrene, "Detection and localization of single molecular recognition events using atomic force microscopy", Nature Methods. 3. (2006): 347-355. DOI 10.1038/nmeth871 "()"〕 * Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) gives a top view, but with a different technique then that of atomic force microscopy.〔Wang, "Transmission Electron Microscopy of Shape-Controlled Nanocrystals and Their Assemblies", Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 104. (2000): 1153-1175. DOI 10.1021/jp993593c "()"〕 * Raman spectroscopy or surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) gives information about wavelengths and energy in the sample.〔Chowdhury, "The use of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for biomedical applications", Dissertations Abstracts International. 67. (2005): 219. "()"〕 * Ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV-Vis) measures the wavelengths where light is absorbed.〔Bouropoulos; et al, "ZnO controllable sized quantum dots produced by polyol method: An experimental and theoretical study", Materials Letters. 62. (2008): 3533-3535. DOI 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.03.044 "()"〕 * X-Ray diffraction (XRD) generally gives an idea of the chemical composition of the sample.〔Li, Fei; et al, "Structural and luminescent properties of ZnO nanorods and ZnO/ZnS nanocomposites", Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 474. (2008): 531-535. DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.06.149 "()"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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